|
|
|
|
First Quarter Science Vocabulary - Sixth Grade - Mr. Benton Directions: click on a word to see its definition Printable version Current week's vocab is highlighted in blue.
variable: part of an experiment that changes.
hypothesis: a guess or prediction about the outcome of a scientific experiment; what you think will happen when you do your experiment
organism: an independent living thing
evidence: information that supports a point, or indication that something is true
response: reaction of an organism to a stimulus
stimulus: a change in the environment that evokes a response
dormant - a state of rest for an organism during which most of the characteristics of life are not apparent, but the organism is still alive
living: having and showing all eight characteristics of an organism (responds, reproduces, needs food for energy, made of cells, eliminates waste, grows, needs water, exchanges gasses)
dead: state of an organism that was once alive, but no longer shows the characteristics of life
non-living: never was alive; never showed all eight characteristics of life
reproduce: create a new organism of the same species
inverted - turned upside down; the image of an object on the stage of a microscope is inverted as compared to its actual orientation on the stage
stage- the flat platform of a microscope on which the slides and specimens are placed for viewing
objective lens - the interchangeable lenses just above the stage on a microscope (4X, 10X, 40X)
focal plane - the thin layer of clear focus, a certain distance below the objective lens, that is visible when looking through a microscope
diaphragm - a circular disc with round holes under the stage of a microscope that allows different amounts of light to pass up through the specimen on the stage
elodea - an aquatic plant with rectangular cells full of green chloroplasts
field of view - what you see when you look through the eyepiece of a microscope; (the white circle of light)
inverted - turned upside down
power - the magnification of one lens on a microscope; for example: the eyepiece is usually 10 power, written 10X
total magnification - the amount of magnification of a microscope found by multiplying the power of the objective lens times the power of the eyepiece lens, e.g., 10X times 40X = 400X total magnification
organic - refers to anything that is alive, or was alive or came from a living thing
cell - the smallest unit of an organism that has all the characteristics of a living thing, but is not independent and therefore is not an organism
cytoplasm- the clear fluid that is present in cells, and supports the organelles
17. nucleus - the control center of a cell, contains dna
chloroplast - small, round, green part of a plant cell, which contains the chemical chlorophyll and performs photosynthesis
amoeba - a blob-like protist that moves and catches food using its pseudopods
euglena - a green protist that moves using a flagellum
paramecium - a microscopic organism that is cigar-shaped and moves by using cilia
micron - one thousandth of a millimeter
protist - a small, usually single-celled, organism that may be plant-like, animal-like or fungus-like
cilia - hair-like structures on protists like paramecia, which are used for locomotion and food gathering.
flagellum - a whip-like structure on some protists that the protist uses for locomotion (to move)
pseudopod - a false foot; the extension of the body of an amoeba into which its cytoplasm flows to move and to surround food
prokaryote/eukaryote - two types of cells: prokaryotes are any organism made of a cell that does not contain a nucleus (only bacteria (monerans) are prokaryotic) eukaryotes are organisms made of cells that do contain nuclei (fungi, protists, plants and animals are eukaryotes).
28. control - part of an experiment that remains the same; showing the reaction or non-reaction of the materials without the variable
31. ribosome - an organelle that assembles amino acids from raw materials according to directions from the nucleus
32. seed - part of a plant containing the embryo of a new plant surrounded by starchy food
33. germinate - to begin to grow; to sprout
34. embryo - the early form of a multicellular organism; a "baby" plant inside a seed, for example
35. cotyledon - the part of a seed containing starchy food for the new plant (for the embryo)
x
monocot/dicot - seeds (or plants) which have one cotyledon (monocots), or two cotyledons (dicots)
shoot - the first growth of the stem and leaf from a seed (appears after the root)
species - the smallest taxonomic group; a group of organisms that can only reproduce sexually within that group
root - usually underground part of a plant which absorbs water, holds the plant in place, and sometimes stores food
microbe - name for bacteria and fungi, especially those that cause disease
aquatic - living or occurring in water
tissue - lots of the same kind of cells, working together to perform a specific job; tissues together form organs.
monera - the kingdom of bacteria; single-celled, prokaryotic organisms
classification - placing organisms into groups according to their similar characteristics
kingdom - the largest division of all living things; the five kingdoms are: Monera, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, Animalia
organelle - organized parts of a cell, each of which has a specific job to perform for the life of the cell, like capturing energy, releasing energy, controlling the cell, etc.
scientific name - two word Latin name for a species that includes the genus and species names: humans are Homo sapiens
species - the smallest group in the taxonomic system of classification of organisms
taxonomy - the science of classification; grouping living things by similar characteristics
plant - the kingdom of usually green, multicellular organisms that make their own food through photosynthesis
fungi - kingdom of organisms which includes mushrooms, molds, and yeast which break down food before absorbing it
mitochondrion - an organelle that "burns" sugar in a cell to release energy for life processes
ribosome - an organelle that assembles amino acids from raw materials according to directions from the nucleus
cell membrane - the "skin" of a cell that holds in the cytoplasm and organelles
cell wall - in plants, bacteria and fungi, a second layer surrounding the cell membrane
seed - part of a plant containing the embryo of a new plant surrounded by starchy food
germinate - to begin to grow; to sprout
embryo - the early form of a multicellular organism; a "baby" plant, for example
cotyledon - the part of a seed containing starchy food for the new plant (the embryo)
monocot/dicot - seeds (or plants) which have one cotyledon (monocots), or two cotyledons (dicots)
xylem - tiny tubes in the stem of a plant that carry water from the roots to the rest of the plant
shoot - the first growth of the stem and leaf from a seed (appears after the root)
tap root - a thick central root of some plants (different from fibrous roots)
perennial - appearing or continuing to grow year after year
stomate - an opening in the surface of a leaf through which gasses and evaporated water pass
transpiration: process in which water vapor escapes from a plant through the stomates of the plant's leaves
42. phloem: tiny tubes in a plant that carry food from the leaves to the other parts of the plant
43. adaptation: a natural change in an organism that is beneficial to its survival and is passed to the next generation: examples - camouflage coloration; webbed feet for swimming; a larger brain; beak shape in birds
44. leaf - usually green part of a plant in which most photosynthesis takes place, producing food for the whole plant
45. root - usually underground part of a plant which appears first when a seed germinates; roots absorb water, hold the plant in place, and sometimes store food
46.guard cells - curved cells which surround the openings in leaves, (forming stomates)
47. photosynthesis - the process in leaves, which turns water and carbon dioxide into food (sugar) for a plant.
48. chlorophyll - a green pigment in leaves, that is necessary for photosynthesis
49. mass - the amount of matter in an object, measured in grams or kilograms
50. evaporation - the process of liquid water turning into vapor
51. pistil - the female part of a flower
52. ovary - the rounded base of the pistil inside of which are found the ovules which will become seeds when fertilized
53. stamen - the male part of a flower, which produces pollen
54. anther - the tip of the stamen where pollen is produced
55. pollen - small particles containing DNA, produced on the anther of a flower, which fertilize the ovules ("eggs") of another flower to form seeds
56. stigma - the sticky top of the pistil, which captures and holds pollen
57. style - the long "stem" of the pistil
58. pollen tube - a hollow tube which grows from pollen grain stuck on the stigma, down through the style to the ovary, allowing the sperm (male DNA) to travel to the eggs in the ovary of a flower
59. filament - the "stem" of the stamen, which supports the anther
60. fertilization - the joining of egg and sperm in sexual reproduction to form the first cell of a new organism
|