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Second Quarter Science Vocabulary - Sixth Grade - Mr. Benton Directions: click on the words to see a definition Printable version to 1st Qtr. 3rd Qtr.
monocot/dicot - seeds (or plants) which have one cotyledon (monocots), or two cotyledons (dicots)
shoot - the first growth of the stem and leaf from a seed (appears after the root)
root - usually underground part of a plant which absorbs water, holds the plant in place, and sometimes stores food
xylem - tiny tubes in the stem of a plant that carry water from the roots to the rest of the plant
stomate - an opening in the surface of a leaf through which gasses and evaporated water pass
guard cells - pair of cells that surround a stomate and open and close to allow water vapor and gasses to pass in and out of a leaf
transpiration: process in which water travels from root to other parts of a plant; excess water then escapes from a plant through the stomates of the plant's leaves
photosynthesis - the process in leaves, which turns water and carbon dioxide into food (sugar) for a plant.
carbon dioxide - a gas which makes up less than 4% of our atmosphere, but is necessary for photosynthesis; chemical symbol: CO2
energy - the ability to do work; comes in many forms - chemical energy, heat energy, electrical energy,
pistil - the female part of a flower 47. ovary - the rounded base of the pistil inside of which are found the eggs which will become seeds when fertilized 48. pollen - small particles containing DNA, produced on the anther of a flower, which fertilize the eggs of another flower to form seeds 49. stamen - the male part of a flower, which produces pollen 50. fertilization - the joining of egg and sperm in sexual reproduction to form the first cell of a new organism 51. population- all of the members of one species in one place 52. ecosystem - organisms interacting in their environment with other organisms and with non-living factors 53. community - two or more organisms of different species living together 54. individual - one single organism 55. abiotic / biotic - non-living / living 56. adaptation: a natural characteristic in an organism that is beneficial to its survival and is passed to the next generation: examples - camouflage coloration; webbed feet for swimming; a larger brain; beak shape in birds 57. food web - a diagram showing the feeding relationships among organisms in an ecosystem; arrows in the diagram show the flow of energy in the food web 58. trophic level: the position of an organism in an ecosystem related to its feeding habits; e.g.: producer, primary consumer, secondary consumer, etc. 59. producer - an organism that converts light energy into chemical energy (food). Plants are producers, as are green algae and blue-green bacteria 60. consumer - any organism that is not able to make its own food and must consume food from another source 61. decomposer - organisms that obtain food by breaking down dead material into chemicals that can be recycled through the ecosystem 62. autotroph/ heterotroph - an autotroph is an organism which makes its own food (like a plant, a producer); a heterotroph is an organism that must eat other organisms for its energy needs ( like an animal, a consumer) 63. primary, secondary, tertiary, quaternary: first, second, third, and fourth (used when referring to trophic levels) 64. herbivore - plant eater (primary consumer) 65. carnivore - meat eater 66. biomass - the total weight (mass) of the biotic matter in an ecosystem or trophic level 67. "10% rule" - on average, only 10% of energy and matter consumed by an organism at a lower trophic level is passed on to the next higher consumer level because most energy is used by any given organism to perform life processes. 68. limiting factor - any influence which reduces the reproductive capacity of a population 69. reproductive potential- the number of offspring that an individual might possibly give birth to 70. carrying capacity - the ability of an ecosystem to sustain (keep alive) a certain number of individuals of a species 71. detritivore - an organism like a worm or beetle that eats dead material (detritus) but doesn't break the material down into its simplest chemical form (and is therefore not referred to as a decomposer in our book) 72. omnivore - an animal that eats both plants and animals 73. carbohydrate - a sugar or starch; the source of energy in many foods; the chemical formula contains carbon, hydrogen and oxygen 74. calorie - the amount of heat energy needed to raise the temperature of one milliliter of water one degree Celsius 75. extinction - complete disappearance of a species 76. species - the smallest taxonomic group; a group of organisms that can only reproduce sexually within that group
trait - the specific way a feature is expressed in an individual: for example, eye color is a feature; blue eyes are a trait feature - a structure, characteristic or behavior of an organism, such as eye color, fur pattern, or timing of migration, which helps to identify the organism as a certain species
variation - the range of differences in a trait in any population; for example, there are variations in the color of walking sticks: brown, green-brown and green. DNA - deoxyribonucleic acid; the complex chemical, of which chromosomes are made, that carries genetic information to the next generation global warming - a rise in the average temperature in the Earth's atmosphere, partly caused by rising levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere
microbe - name for bacteria and fungi, especially those that cause disease
root - usually underground part of a plant which absorbs water, holds the plant in place, and sometimes stores food
scientific name - two word Latin name for a species that includes the genus and species names: humans are Homo sapiens
species - the smallest group in the taxonomic system of classification of organisms
plant - the kingdom of usually green, multicellular organisms that make their own food through photosynthesis
fungi - kingdom of organisms which includes mushrooms, molds, and yeast which break down food before absorbing it
mitochondrion - an organelle that "burns" sugar in a cell to release energy for life processes
monocot/dicot - seeds (or plants) which have one cotyledon (monocots), or two cotyledons (dicots)
xylem - tiny tubes in the stem of a plant that carry water from the roots to the rest of the plant
stomate - an opening in the surface of a leaf through which gasses and evaporated water pass
carbon dioxide - a gas which makes up less than 4% of our atmosphere, but is necessary for photosynthesis; chemical symbol: CO2
transpiration: process in which water vapor escapes from a plant through the stomates of the plant's leaves
energy - the ability to do work; comes in many forms - chemical energy, heat energy, electrical energy, etc.
42. phloem: tiny tubes in a plant that carry food from the leaves to the other parts of the plant
41. adaptation: a structure or behavior of an organism that is beneficial to its survival and is passed to the next generation: examples - camouflage coloration; webbed feet for swimming; a larger brain; beak shape in birds
leaf - usually green part of a plant in which most photosynthesis takes place, producing food for the whole plant
root - usually underground part of a plant which absorbs water, holds the plant in place, and sometimes stores food
guard cells - curved cells which surround the openings in leaves, (forming stomates)
population- all of the members of one species in one place
ecosystem - organisms interacting in their environment with other organisms and with non-living factors
community - two or more organisms of different species interacting in the same area
individual - one single organism
abiotic / biotic - non-living / living
consumer - any organism that is not able to make its own food and must consume food from another source
producer - an organism that converts light energy into chemical energy (food). Plants are producers, as are green algae and blue-green bacteria
decomposer - organisms that obtain food by breaking down dead material into chemicals that can be recycled through the ecosystem
food web - a diagram showing the feeding relationships among organisms in an ecosystem; arrows show the flow of energy in the food web
energy - the ability to do work; comes in many forms - chemical energy, heat energy, electrical energy, etc.
carbon dioxide - a gas which makes up less than 4% of our atmosphere, but is necessary for photosynthesis; chemical symbol: CO2
autotroph/ heterotroph - an autotroph is an organism which makes its own food (like a plant); a heterotroph is an organism that must eat other organisms for its energy needs
primary, secondary, tertiary, quarternary - the consumer levels in an ecosystem; meaning first, second, third and fourth
trophic level: the position of an organism in an ecosystem related to its feeding habits; e.g.: producer, primary consumer, secondary consumer, etc.
carbohydrate - a sugar or starch; the source of energy in many foods; chemical formula contains carbon, hydrogen and oxygen
calorie - the amount of heat energy needed to raise the temperature of one milliliter of water one degree Celsius
extinction - the complete disappearance of a species
species - a group of organisms that can only reproduce sexually within that group; the lowest taxonomic level
reproductive potential - the number of offspring that an individual might possibly give birth to
limiting factor - any influence which reduces the reproductive capacity of a population
carrying capacity- the ability of an ecosystem to sustain (keep alive) a certain number of individuals
"10% rule" - on average, only 10% of energy and matter consumed by an organism at a lower trophic level is passed on to the next higher consumer level because most energy is used by any given organism to perform life processes.
detritivore - an organism like a worm or beetle that eats dead material (detritus) but doesn't break the material down into its simplest form (and is therefore not referred to as a decomposer in our book)
omnivore - an animal that eats both plants and animals
71. feature - a structure, characteristic or behavior of an organism, such as eye color, fur pattern, or timing of migration, which helps to identify the organism as a certain species
72. trait - the specific way a feature is expressed in an individual: for example, eye color is a feature; blue eyes are a trait
73. variation - the range of differences in a trait in any population; for example, there are variations in the color of walking sticks: brown, green-brown and green.
74. DNA - deoxyribonucleic acid; the complex chemical, of which chromosomes are made, that carries genetic information to the next generation
75. global warming - a rise in the average temperature in the Earth's atmosphere, partly caused by rising levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere
photosynthesis - the process in leaves, which turns water and carbon dioxide into food (sugar) for a plant.
chlorophyll - a green pigment in leaves, that is necessary for photosynthesis
mass - the amount of matter in an object, measured in grams or kilograms
evaporation - the process of liquid water turning into vapor
pistil - the female part of a flower
ovary - the rounded base of the pistil inside of which are found the ovules which will become seeds when fertilized
stamen - the male part of a flower, which produces pollen
anther - the tip of the stamen where pollen is produced
pollen - small particles containing DNA, produced on the anther of a flower, which fertilize the ovules ("eggs") of another flower to form seeds
stigma - the sticky top of the pistil, which captures and holds pollen
style - the long "stem" of the pistil
pollen tube - a hollow tube which grows from pollen grain stuck on the stigma, down through the style to the ovary, allowing the sperm (male DNA) to travel to the eggs in the ovary of a flower
filament - the "stem" of the stamen, which supports the anther
fertilization - the joining of egg and sperm in sexual reproduction to form the first cell of a new organism
51. population- all of the members of one species in one place
52. ecosystem - organisms interacting in their environment with other organisms and with non-living factors
53. community - two or more organisms of different species interacting in a specified area
54. individual - one single organism
55. abiotic / biotic - non-living / living
56. adaptation: a structure or behavior in an organism that helps the organism survive
57. food web / food chain - a diagram showing the feeding relationships among many organisms in an ecosystem; arrows show the flow of energy in the food web (See this link for another view of food chains and food webs: http://www.vtaide.com/png/foodchains.htm)
58. trophic level: the position of an organism in an ecosystem related to its feeding habits; e.g.: producer, primary consumer, secondary consumer, etc.
59. producer - an organism that converts light energy into chemical energy (food). Plants are producers, as are green algae and blue-green bacteria
60. consumer - any organism that is not able to make its own food and must consume food from another source
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