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Third Quarter Science Vocabulary - Sixth Grade - Mr. Benton Directions: click on the words to see a definition Printable version 1st Qtr. 2nd Qtr.
interdependence - all organisms of an ecosystem relying on each other in various ways to survive feature - a structure, characteristic or behavior of an organism, such as eye color, fur pattern, or timing of migration, which helps to identify the organism as a certain species trait - the specific way a feature is expressed in an individual: for example, eye color is a feature; blue eyes are a trait
variation - the range of differences in a trait in any population; for example, there are variations in the color of walking sticks: brown, green-brown and green. DNA - deoxyribonucleic acid; the complex chemical, of which chromosomes are made, that carries genetic information to the next generation global warming - a rise in the average temperature in the Earth's atmosphere, partly caused by rising levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere
microbe - name for bacteria and fungi, especially those that cause disease
chromosome- a structure in a cell's nucleus that is made of DNA and which transfers hereditary information to the next generation
gene - matching sections (alleles) of a pair of chromosomes that carry a chemical code for features of organisms dominant, recessive - in genetics, dominant refers to the form of a gene that is expressed or shows up whenever it is present and recessive is the form of the gene that doesn't show up unless there is no dominant gene present genotype, phenotype - 'genotype' refers to the letters that represent the genes of a trait of an organism, for example: TT is the genotype for tall pea plants. 'Phenotype' means the actual trait that is expressed, for example: 'tall' is a phenotype in pea plants heterozygous gene, homozygous gene - heterozygous genes have two different alleles, one dominant and one recessive, for example: Tt, Aa, Ff; homozygous genes have two identical alleles, for example, both dominant or both recessive: TT, aa, FF, ff homologous pair - two "matching" chromosomes, one originally from the male parent, one originally from the female parent, which code for the same features but which may have differences (dominant or recessive) ratio - a comparison of two numbers, for example, if there are 3 striped larkeys and 1 spotted larkey, the ratio is 3:1 Punnett square - a diagram which shows the possible offspring genotypes when two particular parents breed heredity - the passing on of traits from one generation to the next
allele - a word that refers to the alternative forms of a gene, that may be either dominant or recessive, coming from one parent or the other
genome - the complete set of genes of an organism. The human genome project has cataloged 30000 human genes.
mitosis / meiosis- two types of cell division (reproduction). Mitosis occurs in all body cells and results in two complete duplicate cells
partial dominance - type of inherited characteristic in which a heterozygous gene results in a trait unlike the dominant trait or the recessive trait, for example the larkey fur pattern: Ff (heterozygous) results in solid patterned fur rather than striped (dominant) or spotted (recessive).
natural selection - process that allows well-adapted organisms to survive and reproduce
selective breeding - humans choosing to breed organisms for their beneficial characteristics
responding variable – The changes or results that are observed and measured. All experiments must have one responding variable. manipulated variable – The variable I chose to change during the experiment. All experiments must have one manipulated variable. constant variables – all variables that are kept the same during the experiment. Experiments usually have many controlled variables. system – made up of parts that work together for the benefit of the whole. A group of organs that work together to perform a specific function. organ – a group of different tissues working together to perform a specific function.
Vocabulary: mucus – a slippery secretion that coats the inner walls of the digestive tract. It helps food slide down and is also a form of protection. sphincter – a ring of muscles at the beginning and end of the digestive tract. Sphincters are located in between organs and make sure that food only goes in a one-way direction. peristalsis – the wave-like motion of the digestive tract that moves food through. mechanical digestion - the breaking apart of food by the action of teeth, tongue and muscles of the digestive tract
chemical digestion - the breaking down of food particles by the action of acids and enzymes in the digestive tract
interdependence - all organisms of an ecosystem relying on each other in various ways to survive
trait - the specific way a feature is expressed in an individual: for example, eye color is a feature; blue eyes are a trait
feature - a structure, characteristic or behavior of an organism, such as eye color, fur pattern, or timing of migration, which helps to identify the organism as a certain species
variation - the range of differences in a trait in any population; for example, there are variations in the color of walking sticks: brown, green-brown and green.
DNA - deoxyribonucleic acid; the complex chemical, of which chromosomes are made, that carries genetic information to the next generation
global warming - a rise in the average temperature in the Earth's atmosphere, partly caused by rising levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere
microbe - name for bacteria and fungi, especially those that cause disease
chromosome - a structure in a cell's nucleus that is made of DNA and which transfers hereditary information to the next generation (genes are found on chromosomes)
allele - a form of a gene, dominant or recessive, that are responsible for hereditary variation.
gene - a section of a chromosome that carries a chemical code for features of organisms
dominant, recessive - in genetics, dominant refers to a gene that is expressed or shows up whenever it is present and recessive is the form of the gene that is expressed only when no dominant gene is present
genotype, phenotype - genotype refers to the letters that represent the genes of a trait of an organism, for example: TT is the genotype for tall pea plants. Phenotype means the trait that is expressed, for example: 'tall' is a phenotype in pea plants
heterozygous gene, homozygous gene - heterozygous genes have two different alleles, one dominant and one recessive, for example: Tt, Aa, Ff; homozygous genes have two identical alleles, for example, both dominant or both recessive: TT, aa, FF, ff
homologous pair - two "matching" chromosomes, one originally from the male parent, one originally from the female parent, which code for the same features but which may have differences (dominant or recessive)
ratio - a comparison of two numbers, for example, if there are 3 striped larkeys and 1 spotted larkey, the ratio is 3:1
Punnett square - a diagram which shows the possible offspring genotypes when two particular parents breed
heredity - the passing on of traits from one generation to the next
86. partial dominance - type of inherited characteristic in which a heterozygous gene results in a trait unlike the dominant trait or the recessive trait, for example the larkey fur pattern: Ff (heterozygous) results in solid patterned fur rather than striped (dominant) or spotted (recessive).
87. selective breeding - humans choosing to breed certain organisms for their beneficial characteristics
88. natural selection - process in nature that allows well-adapted organisms to survive and reproduce and reduces the probability that poorly-adapted organisms will survive
89. genome - the complete set of genes of an organism. The human genome project has cataloged 30000 human genes.
90. mitosis, meiosis - two types of cell division (reproduction). Mitosis occurs in all body cells and results in two complete duplicate cells; meiosis creates sex cells with only half of each chromosome pair
responding variable – The changes or results that are observed and measured. All experiments must have one responding variable.
manipulated variable – The variable I chose to change during the experiment. All experiments must have one manipulated variable.
controlled variables – all variables that are kept the same during the experiment. Experiments usually have many controlled variables.
organ – a group of different tissues working together to perform a specific function.
system – made up of parts that work together for the benefit of the whole. A group of organs that work together to perform a specific function.
96. mucus – a slippery secretion that coats the inner walls of the digestive tract. It helps food slide down and is also a form of protection.
97. sphincter – a ring of muscles at the beginning and end of the digestive tract. Sphincters are located in between organs and make sure that food only goes in a one-way direction.
98. peristalsis – the wave-like motion of the digestive tract that moves food through.
99. mechanical digestion - the breaking apart of food by the action of teeth, tongue and muscles of the digestive tract
100. chemical digestion - the breaking down of food particles by the action of acids and enzymes in the digestive tract
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